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Assam's Unique Dance Forms: Sattriya and Bhortal

Assam, a northeastern state of India, is celebrated for its rich cultural heritage, which includes a diverse array of traditional dance forms. Among these, Sattriya and Bhortal stand out as unique expressions of Assamese culture, each with its own distinctive style, history, and significance. Let's explore these two captivating dance forms:

Sattriya Dance

Sattriya dance holds a special place in Assam's cultural landscape, recognized as one of the classical dance forms of India. Originating from the Sattras (Vaishnavite monasteries) established by the medieval saint-scholar Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th century, Sattriya dance was originally performed as a devotional art form within the rituals of the Sattras. Over time, it evolved into a classical dance form that combines elements of dance, drama, and music.

  • Themes and Performances: Sattriya dance typically portrays episodes from Hindu mythology, particularly stories related to Lord Krishna and Radha. The dance movements are characterized by graceful gestures, intricate footwork, and expressive facial expressions, conveying spiritual and emotional narratives.

  • Costumes and Instruments: Performers of Sattriya dance wear traditional Assamese attire, including elaborate silk costumes (Mekhela Sador for women and Dhoti-Kurta for men) adorned with intricate designs. Musical accompaniment includes traditional instruments such as khol (drum), taal (cymbals), flute, and violin, creating a melodious backdrop to the dance.

  • Recognition and Revival: In 2000, Sattriya dance was recognized as one of the eight classical dance forms of India by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, highlighting its cultural significance and artistic merit. Efforts to preserve and promote Sattriya dance have led to its revival and popularity on national and international stages.

Bhortal Dance

Bhortal dance is a vibrant folk dance form originating from Assam, characterized by its rhythmic movements and lively tempo. It is traditionally performed by women during Bihu festivals and other joyous occasions, reflecting the agricultural rhythms and festive spirit of Assamese communities.

  • Ritual and Celebration: Bhortal dance is performed in a group, with dancers forming circular patterns while clapping their hands and tapping their feet to rhythmic beats. The dance celebrates the harvest season, community bonding, and cultural festivities, showcasing the resilience and vitality of Assamese traditions.

  • Costumes and Music: Dancers wear traditional Assamese attire, often adorned with colorful gamosas (traditional Assamese scarves) and jewelry. The music for Bhortal dance is provided by traditional instruments such as dhol (drum), pepa (hornpipe), and taal (cymbals), creating a lively and energetic ambiance.

  • Community Heritage: Bhortal dance plays a significant role in preserving Assamese cultural heritage and fostering community cohesion. It is passed down through generations, with each performance serving as a vibrant expression of local customs, values, and collective identity.

Cultural Significance and Impact

Both Sattriya and Bhortal dances hold immense cultural significance for the people of Assam, representing their spiritual devotion, artistic expression, and communal celebrations. These dance forms not only showcase Assam's artistic prowess but also contribute to the region's cultural resilience and identity amidst changing times.

Conclusion

Sattriya and Bhortal dances exemplify the richness and diversity of Assamese cultural heritage, each offering a unique glimpse into the state's traditions, beliefs, and festive celebrations. As Assam continues to cherish and promote these traditional dance forms, they serve as cultural ambassadors, captivating audiences with their grace, rhythm, and timeless appeal. Embracing Sattriya and Bhortal dances is not just a celebration of artistry but a tribute to the enduring spirit of Assam's cultural legacy.

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